![Iran/Mongolia: Seal of the Ilkhan Ghazan (r.1295-1304) in a 1302 letter to Pope Boniface VIII. Mahmud Ghazan (1271–1304) was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from Iran/Mongolia: Seal of the Ilkhan Ghazan (r.1295-1304) in a 1302 letter to Pope Boniface VIII. Mahmud Ghazan (1271–1304) was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2B0117P/iranmongolia-seal-of-the-ilkhan-ghazan-r1295-1304-in-a-1302-letter-to-pope-boniface-viii-mahmud-ghazan-12711304-was-the-seventh-ruler-of-the-mongol-empires-ilkhanate-division-in-modern-day-iran-from-1295-to-1304-he-was-the-son-of-arghun-and-quthluq-khatun-continuing-a-line-of-rulers-who-were-direct-descendants-of-genghis-khan-considered-the-most-prominent-of-the-ilkhans-he-is-best-known-for-making-a-political-conversion-to-islam-in-1295-when-he-took-the-throne-marking-a-turning-point-for-the-dominant-religion-of-mongols-in-central-asia-2B0117P.jpg)
Iran/Mongolia: Seal of the Ilkhan Ghazan (r.1295-1304) in a 1302 letter to Pope Boniface VIII. Mahmud Ghazan (1271–1304) was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from
![And this just in from the 13th century: What did the popes (secretly) say to the Mongols? — GetReligion And this just in from the 13th century: What did the popes (secretly) say to the Mongols? — GetReligion](https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52c2df7ae4b0d215dded86fd/1563456194812-8I9DNM08FJ75Q9GPE6WQ/crowd.jpeg)
And this just in from the 13th century: What did the popes (secretly) say to the Mongols? — GetReligion
![The grandson of Genghis Khan wrote a letter to the Pope of the Vatican, which has been preserved to this day. After reading it, it is very happy - iMedia The grandson of Genghis Khan wrote a letter to the Pope of the Vatican, which has been preserved to this day. After reading it, it is very happy - iMedia](https://p5-tt.byteimg.com/origin/pgc-image/2bee5b8920bd4569ad2cfc14d053f76c.jpg)
The grandson of Genghis Khan wrote a letter to the Pope of the Vatican, which has been preserved to this day. After reading it, it is very happy - iMedia
![Collection of the Kharakhorum Museum: The letter of Roman Pope Innocent IV to the Great Khaan of the Mongol Empire Collection of the Kharakhorum Museum: The letter of Roman Pope Innocent IV to the Great Khaan of the Mongol Empire](https://montsame.mn/files/5fd32a6d37bff.jpeg)
Collection of the Kharakhorum Museum: The letter of Roman Pope Innocent IV to the Great Khaan of the Mongol Empire
![Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246 | Ballandalus Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246 | Ballandalus](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/LetterGuyugToInnocence.jpg)
Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246 | Ballandalus
![Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246 | Ballandalus Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246 | Ballandalus](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Pope_Innocent_IV_sends_Dominicans_and_Franciscans_out_to_the_Tartars.jpg)
Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246 | Ballandalus
![Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246 | Ballandalus Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246 | Ballandalus](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/LetterInnocenceToTartarKingAndPeople_a.jpg)
Mongol-Papal Encounter: Letter Exchange between Pope Innocent IV and Güyük Khan in 1245-1246 | Ballandalus
![The grandson of Genghis Khan wrote a letter to the Pope of the Vatican, which has been preserved to this day. After reading it, it is very happy - iMedia The grandson of Genghis Khan wrote a letter to the Pope of the Vatican, which has been preserved to this day. After reading it, it is very happy - iMedia](https://p1-tt.byteimg.com/origin/pgc-image/9f15c0eb75e248f28df904f3c74e2405.jpg)
The grandson of Genghis Khan wrote a letter to the Pope of the Vatican, which has been preserved to this day. After reading it, it is very happy - iMedia
![And this just in from the 13th century: What did the popes (secretly) say to the Mongols? — GetReligion And this just in from the 13th century: What did the popes (secretly) say to the Mongols? — GetReligion](https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52c2df7ae4b0d215dded86fd/1563456131513-PE33L9T4HWASTX3R7GDU/genghis.jpeg?format=1500w)
And this just in from the 13th century: What did the popes (secretly) say to the Mongols? — GetReligion
![The grandson of Genghis Khan wrote a letter to the Pope of the Vatican, which has been preserved to this day. After reading it, it is very happy - iMedia The grandson of Genghis Khan wrote a letter to the Pope of the Vatican, which has been preserved to this day. After reading it, it is very happy - iMedia](https://p5-tt.byteimg.com/origin/pgc-image/4626af0d34bb4b4ba70faf60157346a4.jpg)